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Economy

The Rising Costs of Natural Catastrophes

On insurance and extreme weather, Nissan’s new business plan, and paint that cools

The Rising Costs of Natural Catastrophes
Heatmap Illustration/Getty Images

Current conditions: A cloud of Saharan dust is sweeping toward southern Europe • Malaysia’s oppressive heat wave could last through mid-April • The water temperature is about 48 degrees Fahrenheit in Baltimore Harbor, where rescuers are searching for survivors after the collapse of the Francis Scott Key Bridge.

THE TOP FIVE

1. Soaring losses from natural disasters ‘a new norm,’ says insurance giant

Extremely costly natural disasters have become “a new norm,” and insured losses will double in 10 years due to climate change, according to one of the world’s largest reinsurers. In a report published today, Swiss Re, a firm that provides insurance for insurers, calculated that natural disasters resulted in insured losses of $108 billion in 2023, marking the fourth consecutive year of losses exceeding $100 billion. As Bloomberg noted, “only about 40% of economic losses globally are insured, meaning the total economic losses are much higher.”

The main reason losses were so high was the sheer frequency with which “medium severity” disasters occurred. These are events that cost between $1 billion and $5 billion, and they’re on the rise. Severe thunderstorms (also called severe convective storms, or SCS) have become “the second largest loss-making peril” behind tropical cyclones. The Midwest accounted for the highest percentage of insured losses from severe thunderstorms in the U.S. last year:

Swiss Re

The report calls for adaptation measures, but concludes that “in the face of climate change, adaptation and insurance can only go so far. Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions is also essential to counter the build-up of physical risks.”

2. Nissan outlines plan to slash EV manufacturing costs

Nissan yesterday announced a new business plan it hopes will “ensure sustainable growth and profitability” as it faces competition from Chinese rivals. Perhaps unsurprisingly, the strategy leans heavily on electric vehicles. The Japanese carmaker will launch 16 new EV models over the next three years and slash EV manufacturing costs by 30% in an effort to reach cost parity with internal combustion engine vehicles by 2030. It’ll bring down costs by incorporating battery innovations and new manufacturing processes. And the company will make EVs in “families,” starting with a “main vehicle” and then building on that design with new variations that can be significantly cheaper and faster to produce.

3. EV startup Fisker faces bankruptcy

The New York Stock Exchange yesterday halted trading of electric vehicle startup Fisker Inc.’s shares and said it planned to delist the stock due to “abnormally low” share prices. The company had been in talks with a major automaker about a potential investment, but the deal fell through, which means its financials are in bad shape and bankruptcy may be looming. If the cash-strapped company fails, it would join the ranks of other embattled EV startups including Aptera and Detroit Automotive. Last week Fisker paused its EV production.

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  • 4. Trader Joe’s raises banana prices

    Trader Joe’s is hiking the price of bananas for the first time in two decades. The grocery chain has long sold individual bananas for just 19 cents, but has raised the price to 23 cents. A spokesperson told CNN the change was due to cost increases. Earlier this month, industry experts gathering at the World Banana Forum warned that climate change was hurting banana production and supply chains and that this would soon result in higher banana prices for consumers.

    5. Study shows how ‘cooling’ paints can reduce urban temperatures

    Special “cooling” paint can significantly reduce the temperatures of surfaces in cities and help pedestrians feel cooler, according to a new study published in the journal Sustainable Cities and Society. The research is the first demonstration of how paints made to reflect the sun’s heat actually perform in the real world. For the study, researchers at Singapore’s Nanyang Technological University covered surfaces such as walls, rooftops, and pavements in an industrial neighborhood in Singapore. They found those surfaces were up to 2 degrees Celsius cooler than uncoated areas during the hottest time of the day, and that this helped pedestrians feel 1.5 degrees cooler. “This is a minimally intrusive solution for urban cooling that has an immediate effect,” said the study’s lead author, Dr. E V S Kiran Kumar Donthu. “By reducing the amount of heat absorbed in urban structures, we also reduce heat load in buildings, consequently reducing indoor air-conditioning energy consumption.” Below you can see some of the coated test surfaces:

    Nanyang Technological University

    THE KICKER

    Ohio has approved the Oak Run Solar Project, a 6,000-acre solar farm in Madison County that will also graze 1,000 sheep and grow crops. The farm will be the nation’s largest “agrivoltaics” project.

    Yellow

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    AM Briefing

    Exxon Counterattacks

    On China’s rare earths, Bill Gates’ nuclear dream, and Texas renewables

    An Exxon sign.
    Heatmap Illustration/Getty Images

    Current conditions: Hurricane Melissa exploded in intensity over the warm Caribbean waters and has now strengthened into a major storm, potentially slamming into Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Jamaica as a Category 5 in the coming days • The Northeast is bracing for a potential nor’easter, which will be followed by a plunge in temperatures of as much as 15 degrees Fahrenheit lower than average • The northern Australian town of Julia Creek saw temperatures soar as high as 106 degrees.

    THE TOP FIVE

    1. Exxon sued California

    Exxon Mobil filed a lawsuit against California late Friday on the grounds that two landmark new climate laws violate the oil giant’s free speech rights, The New York Times reported. The two laws would require thousands of large companies doing business in the state to calculate and report the greenhouse gas pollution created by the use of their products, so-called Scope 3 emissions. “The statutes compel Exxon Mobil to trumpet California’s preferred message even though Exxon Mobil believes the speech is misleading and misguided,” Exxon complained through its lawyers. California Governor Gavin Newsom’s office said the statutes “have already been upheld in court and we continue to have confidence in them.” He condemned the lawsuit, calling it “truly shocking that one of the biggest polluters on the planet would be opposed to transparency.”

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    The Aftermath

    How to Live in a Fire-Scarred World

    The question isn’t whether the flames will come — it’s when, and what it will take to recover.

    Wildfire aftermath.
    Heatmap Illustration/Getty Images

    In the two decades following the turn of the millennium, wildfires came within three miles of an estimated 21.8 million Americans’ homes. That number — which has no doubt grown substantially in the five years since — represents about 6% of the nation’s population, including the survivors of some of the deadliest and most destructive fires in the country’s history. But it also includes millions of stories that never made headlines.

    For every Paradise, California, and Lahaina, Hawaii, there were also dozens of uneventful evacuations, in which regular people attempted to navigate the confusing jargon of government notices and warnings. Others lost their homes in fires that were too insignificant to meet the thresholds for federal aid. And there are countless others who have decided, after too many close calls, to move somewhere else.

    By any metric, costly, catastrophic, and increasingly urban wildfires are on the rise. Nearly a third of the U.S. population, however, lives in a county with a high or very high risk of wildfire, including over 60% of the counties in the West. But the shape of the recovery from those disasters in the weeks and months that follow is often that of a maze, featuring heart-rending decisions and forced hands. Understanding wildfire recovery is critical, though, for when the next disaster follows — which is why we’ve set out to explore the topic in depth.

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    The Aftermath

    The Surprisingly Tricky Problem of Ordering People to Leave

    Wildfire evacuation notices are notoriously confusing, and the stakes are life or death. But how to make them better is far from obvious.

    Wildfire evacuation.
    Heatmap Illustration/Getty Images

    How many different ways are there to say “go”? In the emergency management world, it can seem at times like there are dozens.

    Does a “level 2” alert during a wildfire, for example, mean it’s time to get out? How about a “level II” alert? Most people understand that an “evacuation order” means “you better leave now,” but how is an “evacuation warning” any different? And does a text warning that “these zones should EVACUATE NOW: SIS-5111, SIS-5108, SIS-5117…” even apply to you?

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