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A Chief Antagonist of Offshore Wind Loses His Seat
Rep. Jeff Van Drew was defeated by ... another wind opponent.
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Rep. Jeff Van Drew was defeated by ... another wind opponent.
After taking two seats in a special election last year, the party gained a third in the midterms.
Restoring renewable tax credits and investigating Energy Department funding cuts are on the table.
BAAJA would likely help speed up the U.S. transmission buildout, but there’s a chance we’re undercounting the benefits.
Even in the worst-case scenario, BAAJA wouldn’t increase emissions, an analysis by the Rhodium Group concludes.
Power line permitting was overdue for an overhaul. Here’s what the bill would unlock.
If everything goes smoothly, the first commercial output could begin as soon as 2029.
General Matter, the secretive nuclear enrichment startup led by one of the first employees at Elon Musk’s SpaceX, emerged last month by publicly unveiling its plans to convert a Superfund site in Paducah, Kentucky, into the nation’s newest plant transforming raw uranium into fuel for reactors. Backed by both tech billionaire Peter Thiel and former White House climate czar John Kerry, the Los Angeles-based company chose the location, which until 2013 served for over six decades as an enrichment facility for the United States government, as a symbol of American reindustrialization. The startup stuck to a straightforward pitch: honing the cheapest, fastest, and most efficient technology to enrich uranium, following the path SpaceX took to engineer its rockets.
Now General Matter is set to announce its most significant public regulatory progress to date. On Thursday, Heatmap can exclusively report that the Nuclear Regulatory Commission accepted the company’s application, clearing a path to begin construction at the Department of Energy-owned Paducah site by next year.
“The U.S. used to be more than 80% of global enrichment; now we’re less than 1%,” Scott Nolan, General Matter’s chief executive, told me by phone Thursday from Paducah. “As a company, we’re not only bringing enrichment back to the U.S. to meet our needs and our allies’ needs, but also dropping the cost so nuclear is not just the safest and cleanest but the cheapest baseload power.”
The NRC gave its approval for General Matter to begin the application process just one month after the company filed its paperwork. In its acceptance letter, the NRC said it had completed the initial review in half the normal time and will consider other ways to expedite the process, a benefit owed in no small part to General Matter’s pre-application engagement with the agency.
“We’ve been told it’s due to the completeness and quality of our application,” Nolan said. “That application really followed over 100 different interactions with the NRC to coordinate on what we were planning to submit. We believe that pre-work has helped us.”
The company expects to receive approval from the NRC on its initial application by next year, allowing for construction to begin beyond the early work of clearing space and grading soil. If that goes according to schedule, Nolan said equipment installation can begin in 2028, with the first commercial output the following year.
The dominant technology for uranium enrichment is a gas centrifuge — giant vertical cylinders that spin tens of thousands of times per minute and push heavier Uranium-238 molecules toward the outer wall of the machine, leaving behind the Uranium-235 needed to sustain a chain reaction of atom splitting. Newer technologies involve using lasers to separate U-235 through electromagnetic properties. General Matter has not yet said what kind of technology it’s pursuing.
“We are developing novel technology but not novel physics or novel engineering,” Nolan said, adding that the company has “coordinated very closely” with the Energy Department as it demonstrates its hardware.
This first application would allow General Matter to produce the low-enriched uranium used in conventional nuclear reactors. Next year, the company plans to submit a second application that would allow it to churn out high-assay low-enrich uranium, a more potent fuel needed for next-generation reactors like the small modular reactors that startups Oklo, TerraPower, and X-energy are developing.
The milestone on General Matter’s inaugural application comes as the U.S. nuclear industry is anxiously seeking new sources of fuel. Russian nuclear fuel has dominated the American industry since the 1990s, when the Clinton-era “megatons to megawatts” program agreed to buy any reactor fuel made from materials extracted from dismantled atomic weapons. As a non-proliferation effort, it helped divert material that might have otherwise ended up in bombs or sitting around in the chaos of post-Soviet Russia. But the cheap imports all but put the domestic enrichment industry out of business.
That scarcely mattered in the decades when nuclear power was in decline. Now that the U.S. is forecast to build at least 10 gigawatts of new nuclear capacity over the next 14 years, companies are looking to shore up the supply of fuel. And that supply is shrinking. At the end of next year, federal law passed in the wake of the Kremlin’s invasion of Ukraine will ban any imports of Russian nuclear fuel. Industry sources familiar say following through would almost certainly mean the U.S. will run short on enriched uranium, suggesting Washington might seek to ease sanctions in much the same way the Trump administration just did for Russian diesel.
“The Russia ban is partly why we’re trying to move quickly to meet U.S. industry demand,” Nolan said.
The problem illustrates the market need General Matter aims to serve. It’s not alone: BWX Technologies, a chief supplier of nuclear fuel to the U.S. military, has ramped up production. Centrus Energy, another major enrichment company that spun out in the 1990s from federal ownership, has also begun a major expansion, shipping new centrifuges to its Ohio facility just this morning.
U.S. utilities have sufficient inventories of uranium to make it through the end of the decade, Nolan said. And even if Russian material is allowed in, the U.S. has historically capped Moscow’s share of the American market at 25%.
“Our mindset is not just to displace Russia from the U.S. market, but to restore U.S. self sufficiency on enrichment and help fuel allied countries with U.S. fuel instead of having them purchase from an adversary,” Nolan said.
He drew a parallel to SpaceX. Space launch, he said, “was an industry the U.S. once led in and had fallen behind on. We stopped launching the space shuttle and were unable to take astronauts and cargo to the International Space Station. One of SpaceX’s early missions was to take us back to the space station and end reliance on Russia.”
Current conditions: A Pineapple Express — the powerful atmospheric river that hits the West Coast, not the marijuana strain — could pummel the Southwest with heavy rain on Halloween • The remnants of Typhoon Champi are driving a severe storm in the Bering Sea, with four-foot waves lapping on Alaska’s shore • Despite India’s evacuation of nearly 200,000 people, Cyclone Arnab killed at least nine and destroyed tens of thousands of acres of crops in Andhra Pradesh.
The Federal Reserve voted Wednesday to keep benchmark interest rates steady despite last month’s spike in inflation statistics. In a post-meeting statement, the Federal Open Market Committee said it had decided to keep the federal funds target range between 3.75% and 4%, maintaining the central bank’s quarter percentage-point hike from last month. “Inflation remains elevated,” the statement cautioned. “The accumulation of more information will help the Committee determine the policy stance appropriate to ensure a timely return of inflation to the Committee’s 2% goal.”
For clean energy developers, whose projects’ upfront costs make them sensitive to the price of borrowing money, a hold is better than a hike. But a reduction is better than a hold.
GE Vernova’s gas turbine business is going gangbusters as data centers drive demand for new generators. Its nuclear-focused joint venture with the Japanese industrial giant Hitachi, meanwhile, is making real progress toward building out an order book for its 300-megawatt small modular reactor, the BWRX-300. Now the General Electric spinout is making a big bet on the future of the transmission buildout. On Wednesday, the company announced a deal to pay $9 billion for Trench Group, a global manufacturer of high-voltage transmission equipment and grid components. The deal is expected to close at the end of next year. “Trench’s differentiated high-voltage grid technology, strong execution, and deep customer relationships are key enablers of the modernized, resilient grid required to keep pace with the electricity supercycle,” GE Vernova CEO Scott Strazik said in a press release.
It’s far from the only company betting on future grid construction. Hitachi announced a $1 billion investment into a U.S. transformer factory last year. Meanwhile, a former Tesla executive just launched a startup called Heron Power aiming to make transformers specifically designed to patch more data centers and renewables onto the grid. There’s plenty of money to go around: As you may recall, the Department of Energy has in recent weeks pumped billions of dollars into upgrading the U.S. power grid.
More than 40 clean tech startups urged both parties in Congress to pass permitting reform legislation before the session ends. In a letter published Thursday morning and shared exclusively with me for this newsletter, the companies said the Bipartisan American Affordability and Jobs Act “helps innovators spend more time building and less time waiting.” Signatories included geothermal heavyweights Fervo Energy, Quaise, and Zanskar; carbon removal company Heirloom, and fusion giants Commonwealth Fusion Systems and Realta. The bill, they continued, “restores confidence that American projects can move from concept to construction on predictable timelines.”
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, on the other hand, came out with its own statement warning lawmakers against the bill. In its view, BAAJA would “lock in dirty energy for decades” and make it “harder for people to show they are harmed by pollution.” The group will undoubtedly find sympathetic audiences at the upper rungs of the Democratic Party. In remarks my colleague Jael Holzman obtained, John Podesta, the Biden White House’s senior climate policy advisor, said at a conference last week that he worried the bill could hand Trump “a loaded Howitzer.”
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Man bites dog: New York City might just have something to learn from Connecticut. In 2011, New York’s neighbor established the nation’s first green bank. As of this year, the agency has directed more than $3 billion toward things like developing solar and storage systems on public housing. “What we saw in Connecticut was a way to get community-scale renewable projects built that markets alone were not delivering,” Jason Kowalski, the executive director of the Public Renewables Project, told me. “With New York City, similarly, we’re looking to fill market gaps.” In a new report released Wednesday, his group — along with fellow left-leaning energy policy advocates Public Power NY and the Climate & Community Institute — proposed that New York City create its own green bank, modeled on Connecticut’s experiment. “We’re not thinking about public versus private,” Kowalski added. “We’re thinking of public versus nothing. We’re targeting places where nothing is getting built. This is a mechanism for building revenue-positive projects that are not being built because of the transaction costs or because there is no planning function that’s brought in to plan at any scale.” The proposal could find sympathetic eyes in Mayor Zohran Mamdani’s administration. The democratic socialist has embraced venturing where, since the 1990s, government has rarely gone. City Hall brokered a deal two weeks ago to chip in $30 million for New York University’s next-generation computing lab in exchange for 15% of the proceeds from any technology the facility develops and sells. As you may recall, I called the agreement “New Dealism for quantum computing.”
Public financiers could also come in handy as cities undertake the costly renovations and infrastructure upgrades needed to survive in a hotter, more meteorologically chaotic world. The European Commission this week unveiled new climate rules requiring governments to establish who is responsible for protecting citizens from climate disasters, Euronews reported. Brussels wants major cities to prepare for as much as 3 degrees Celsius of warming above pre-industrial norms. That’s more than double the warming we are already getting a taste of from El Niño.
Cement produces roughly 8% of global emissions of heat-trapping carbon dioxide — four times the output of airplanes. Cutting emissions across the wider economy requires building a lot of stuff. Paradoxically, that means using a lot more cement, adding to emissions. But a growing suite of startups is rolling out new technological approaches to make low-carbon cement. One of them just announced a major deal with Meta. The Facebook owner agreed to buy environmental attribute certificates associated with 200,000 tons of San Jose-based Fortera’s low-carbon cement. “Agreements of this scale and duration are what unlock financing and move projects from plans to production,” Fortera CEO Ryan Gilliam said in a statement. “They also show the market that low-carbon cement is a product that buyers are serious about and planning around for years to come.” The clean cement sector has been, as my colleague Katie Brigham wrote, riding the artificial intelligence wave.

Antimony is a lustrous, silvery-gray metalloid. It’s needed for solar panel glass and all kinds of batteries. And the U.S. overwhelmingly relies on imports of it from China and Tajikistan. Maybe not for long, Mining Technology hinted. On Wednesday, Alaska’s Department of Natural Resource gave its final approvals to the startup Nova Minerals. The project, funded with nearly $45 million from the Department of Defense, aims to begin production next year.
Editor’s note: This story has been updated to reflect the nature of Meta’s purchase from Fortera.