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AM Briefing: Can Lego Ditch Fossil Fuels?
On climate-friendly toys, the Sunrise Movement, and solar-powered schools
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On climate-friendly toys, the Sunrise Movement, and solar-powered schools
America should eat more chicken. But how many is too many?
On the storm’s trajectory, solar cell tariffs, and adapting to extreme heat
An animation historian on Reddy Kilowatt, the cartoon charged with electrifying everything in the early 20th century.
Stanford’s Rob Jackson discusses methane, the “my-ocene,” and his new book, Into the Clear Blue Sky.
On the Park Fire, coastal climate resilience, and flight delays
This weekend, millions of Americans were reminded that we are living in extraordinary times. At moments, it almost seemed like you could feel our place in the great continuum of history — at once stretching backward to those who came before us while also extending forward, onward, to those who’ve been passed the torch.
I am talking, of course, about the Twister sequel.
Twisters touched down in theaters last Friday, nearly 30 years after its precursor was released on LaserDisc and VHS with a message from the FEMA administrator to “never try to outdrive a tornado.” For Hollywood reboots and the meteorological sciences both, three decades is an eon; Twisters’ lead actress, Daisy Edgar-Jones, was born two years after Twister premiered, and while Helen Hunt’s Jo had dreamed of improving tornado warning times in the mid-1990s, the Millennial storm chasers in Twisters own drones and plausibly discuss snuffing out the storms entirely. (Speaking of warnings: There are spoilers ahead.)
Twisters is a movie that loves science and shows its work. Director Lee Isaac Chung reportedly consulted researchers from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and elsewhere to get the basic facts right, and in the opening minutes of the film, the screenplay debunks the common “one Mississippi” method of calculating a storm’s distance (in case you’re not familiar, here’s an explanation); casually references Lagrangian mechanics; and features a memorable PSA on why you should never use an overpass for shelter during a tornado. Twisters protagonists work for, or use taxpayer-funded technologies from, NOAA, the National Weather Service, and the military — a particularly meaningful inclusion at a time when government-funded science is under open threat by one of the leading candidates for highest office.
Even Twisters’ lack of focus on climate change is relatively accurate: While it might feel odd for there not to be an obvious climate nod in a weather disaster movie, scientists still haven’t demonstrated a strong correlation between global warming and tornadoes. Suggesting otherwise might actually have done more damage to public understanding by blurring the line between a frightening enough reality and Hollywood fiction in the name of topical relevance.
Still, Twisters does take some dramatic liberties. At one point, a weaker EF1 tornado breaks the blade off a wind turbine, which probably wouldn’t happen. The most egregious liberty, however, comes at the end of the film, when a tornado runs through an oil and gas refinery and wreaks havoc on the town of El Reno, Oklahoma. “The shelters are full; we’ve got to get everyone to the movie theater!” one character shouts when it becomes clear El Reno is on the verge of catastrophe. (I bet Warner Bros. loved that one.) But at just the moment when the tornado rips out the wall of the theater, turning the defacto shelter full of innocent people into the suck zone, Edgar-Jones’ character Kate is able to deploy a technology that decreases the moisture inside the twister, making it instantly collapse and dissolve.
To be clear, this is about as scientifically accurate as a Sharknado. Though the mechanics are real — Kate shoots the tornado with silver iodide, currently used in cloud seeding, to induce moisture, then saps the storm of water using sodium polyacrylate — the amount of absorbent material required to actually “tame” a tornado would be impossible to deploy. A twister also wouldn’t vanish instantly even if enough chemicals somehow could disrupt its moisture content. As Kevin Kelleher, a scientist who consulted on both Twister(s), told The New York Times, it would likely take closer to 15 to 20 minutes for a storm to — again, theoretically — collapse.
What is more interesting than Twisters’ dubious tornado-taming technique, though, is that it’s a rare positive example of geoengineering in an American film. Prior to Friday, the most memorable example of geoengineering in a widely seen movie was in Snowpiercer, where an attempt to correct global warming goes so awry that Chris Evans is forced to live on a train and eat babies. (This is a safe space from discussion of Geostorm.)
Twisters never reaches the point of exploring the ethics or potential downsides of Kate’s geoengineering experiment, and the credits roll over magazine and newspaper articles lauding her for “Taking Weather Science by Storm.” But Chung, the director, doesn’t let the moment pass entirely unremarked upon, either. The movie showing in the theater when the tornado hits El Reno is Frankenstein — perhaps our most famous parable about the hubris of playing God.
Movies don’t need to be accurate to be good, but Twisters nevertheless makes research and data the objective, nerds the hot heroes, and real-life scientists the background extras. In keeping with its dedication to science, it also takes geoengineering out of the realm of the dystopic; while there are plenty of people still staunchly opposed to climate modification, it is also no longer “one of climate science’s biggest taboos,” as my colleague Robinson Meyer has written.
Far more importantly, though, Twisters is a blast. It never tries to be anything more than what it is: a popcorn-worthy romantic disaster movie. Accuracy is just the cherry on top for us weather nerds in the audience; as one character rightly puts it: “Smile man — science is fun.”
On Doug Burgum’s speech, green steel, and electric jets
Current conditions: The Acropolis in Greece was closed yesterday due to excessive heat • The Persian Gulf International Airport recorded a heat index of 149 degrees Fahrenheit • Recent flooding in Brazil exposed a 233-million-year-old dinosaur fossil.
Energy hasn’t dominated the conversation at the Republican National Convention this week, but it’s certainly been a talking point. Last night North Dakota Gov. Doug Burgum gave a speech focusing on the topic. “Teddy Roosevelt encouraged America to speak softly and carry a big stick,” Burgum said. “Energy dominance will be the big stick that President Trump will carry.” He accused President Biden of making Russia and Iran “filthy rich” with his energy policies, blamed him for higher electric bills and grid problems, and said “four more years of Joe will usher in an era of Biden brownouts and blackouts.” Oh, and he promised that Trump would “let all of you keep driving your gas-powered cars.” CNN called the speech “Burgum’s audition to be energy secretary.”
Republicans at the event have been blaming Biden for high gas prices (which are heavily influenced by global market forces) and saying that Trump will give America “energy independence” (even though the U.S. continued to rely on foreign oil imports during Trump’s presidency). And there’s been a lot of complaining about Biden’s pause on new LNG export terminals.
But it hasn’t been all Biden bashing or fossil fuel fawning. During a Punchbowl News fireside chat, execs from American Clean Power, American Gas Association, Edison Electric Institute, and the Nuclear Energy Institute touted U.S. energy policy as “one of the greatest strengths in this country.” They called for building out new energy infrastructure more quickly, more inclusive tax codes (“rather than say we only like this type of molecule for hydrogen, it should be let’s create a hydrogen market and let the best man win”), and looked ahead to an exciting future for nuclear power.
Today is the final day of the RNC, and it will culminate with a speech from Donald Trump.
A new report from Global Energy Monitor found that the iron and steel industries worldwide “made major strides towards net zero goals” last year. Steelmaking alone accounts for about 10% of global carbon dioxide emissions, so greener production is essential. The GEM report found that 93% of new planned steel capacity will use low-emission electric arc furnaces instead of the much dirtier blast furnace. It projects that the global steelmaking fleet could be very close to meeting the International Energy Agency’s net zero emissions targets by 2030. “The transition to greener steel is afoot,” the report said, but it acknowledged that the blast furnace isn’t going away just yet and remains a climate risk.
GEM
The cost of insured property damages from Hurricane Beryl could top $6 billion, according to Moody’s. In Texas alone, insurers might be on the hook for $4.5 billion. Most U.S. losses are projected to be from destructive wind. Katrina in 2005 was the most expensive hurricane on record, with insured property losses topping $65 billion. Last year, natural disasters cost $95 billion in insured losses globally.
U.N. climate chief Simon Stiell this week made an impassioned plea for the world to urgently cut fossil fuel use after his grandmother’s home on the Caribbean island of Carriacou was destroyed by Beryl. “What the climate crisis did to my grandmother’s house must not become humanity’s new normal,” Stiell said. “We can still prevent that, but only if people everywhere speak up, and demand bolder climate actions now, before it’s too late.” Beryl struck Carriacou as a category 5 storm, the earliest storm of that magnitude ever recorded in the Atlantic.
A group of 14 state attorneys general are ramping up the pressure on FEMA to declare extreme heat and wildfire smoke major disasters. They sent a letter to the agency this week, urging it to “update its regulations to prepare for this hotter, smokier future.” Last month a coalition of about 30 groups filed a petition pushing for the change. Such a declaration could allow communities access to federal funds to prepare for heat and fire emergencies and could help pressure employers to provide better heat protections for workers. Heat waves kill more Americans each year than all other weather events combined. In case you’ve forgotten, last year was the hottest year on record, and climate change is making heat waves more likely and more intense.
Saudi Arabia is buying 50 electric jets for its state-owned national carrier, the Saudia Group. The “electric vertical take-off and landing” (or eVTOL) jets are made by a German manufacturer called Lilium and have electric engines that use less power while cruising. One jet can carry up to six passengers, and Saudi Arabia will deploy the aircraft for regional trips, most likely to and from tourist attractions. The planes cost $9 million each, bringing the deal to a total of about $450 million, and the kingdom has the option of purchasing another 50.
As climate change threatens to reduce access to fresh water, and rising seas encroach on farm land, researchers are studying ways to breed crops that could grow and thrive in saltwater.