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On NOAA’s disappearing websites, Penn Station plans, and PJM reforms

Current conditions: Tornadoes, hail, high winds, and thunderstorms could hit a dozen states between Texas and the Great Lakes over Easter weekend • The highest peaks on Hawaii’s Big Island may get 3 to 5 inches of snow today • Cyclone Errol, the first storm to reach a Category 5-equivalent strength this year, has weakened and will bring wind and rain to Western Australia on Friday afternoon.
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has allowed funding to lapse for regional climate hubs that serve 27 states, causing the websites to go dormant on Thursday. The climate centers “are housed at research universities and operate under contract with NOAA,” Bloomberg writes. Between the hubs’ creation in the early 1980s and 2025, Texas’ now-defunct Southern Regional Climate Center logged 190 weather disasters alone. As I wrote earlier this year, cutting exactly this kind of research can have “immediate — and in some cases, deadly — impacts on regular Americans.”
Also this week, NOAA updated its “Notice of Changes” list to include 14 databases it is decommissioning and that will no longer be available as of early to late May. These databases include a list of geothermal hot springs in the United States, an earthquake intensity database, and a coastal water temperature guide. Eos notes that while NOAA regularly prunes its databases, it did so “just seven times in 2024 and six times in 2023.”

Transportation Secretary Sean Duffy announced Thursday that the Trump administration is taking over the renovation of New York’s Pennsylvania Station, one of the busiest transit centers in the world. “President Trump has made it clear: The days of reckless spending and blank checks are over,” Duffy said in a statement announcing the takeover, which he said was necessary due to the Metropolitan Transportation Authority’s “history of inefficiency, waste, and mismanagement.”
Democratic Governor Kathy Hochul said she’d personally requested the assistance from President Trump and praised the administration’s decision, calling it a “major victory for New Yorkers” because “the use of federal funds will save New York taxpayers $1.3 billion that would have otherwise been necessary for this project.” Tom Wright, the president of the Regional Plan Association, a civic think tank that has advocated for Penn Station’s renewal, also praised the decision, telling The New York Times that Trump “could name it after himself, if that’s what it takes.” Assemblyman Tony Simone, whose district includes Penn Station, took a more doubtful tone: “I am beyond skeptical that this federal government can manage a project of this size by seizing control while simultaneously slashing funding,” he said.
The energy and economic consulting firm Synapse Energy and Evergreen Action, a left-of-center climate advocacy group, released an analysis this week of the benefits of making interconnection reforms to PJM, the regional transmission organization for 13 states in the mid-Atlantic region and Washington, D.C. According to their findings, if PJM takes “swift action” to resolve its interconnection queue delays, then by 2040:
You can read the full analysis and more about the reforms here.
Hyundai announced Thursday that it will be temporarily suspending production of its Ioniq 5 and Kona electric vehicles in South Korea due to U.S. tariffs and slowing demand, Reuters reports. The pause at the Ulsan facility will last from April 24 to 30, and follows a five-day pause in February at the same plant due to a decrease in backorders. The decision also comes after President Trump imposed a 25% tariff on imported vehicles and parts, as well as his announcement with Hyundai last month of a $21 billion investment in U.S. onshoring, EV writes.
A new Gallup poll released this week found that 48% of Americans believe global warming will threaten them at some point in the future, a level that is consistent with Heatmap’s own finding that 44% of Americans already say they are “very” or “somewhat” affected by climate change. Perhaps more concerningly, though, Gallup’s findings also revealed skepticism among respondents regarding how global warming is being portrayed by the media. Forty-one percent of Americans now say the news “generally exaggerates” the seriousness of climate change, the highest number Gallup has recorded for that question in a decade and up from 37% last March. Another 38% said they believe the news underestimates the issue, while 20% said coverage generally strikes the right tone. Gallup’s poll was conducted by telephone between March 3 and 16 and reached a random sample of 1,002 adults; the margin of error was plus or minus 4%.
New York City’s mandatory composting program, now in its second week, has been so successful that the city is opening a new giveaway site to accommodate demand for the “black gold” it produces.
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A third judge rejected a stop work order, allowing the Coastal Virginia offshore wind project to proceed.
Offshore wind developers are now three for three in legal battles against Trump’s stop work orders now that Dominion Energy has defeated the administration in federal court.
District Judge Jamar Walker issued a preliminary injunction Friday blocking the stop work order on Dominion’s Coastal Virginia offshore wind project after the energy company argued it was issued arbitrarily and without proper basis. Dominion received amicus briefs supporting its case from unlikely allies, including from representatives of PJM Interconnection and David Belote, a former top Pentagon official who oversaw a military clearinghouse for offshore wind approval. This comes after Trump’s Department of Justice lost similar cases challenging the stop work orders against Orsted’s Revolution Wind off the coast of New England and Equinor’s Empire Wind off New York’s shoreline.
As for what comes next in the offshore wind legal saga, I see three potential flashpoints:
It’s important to remember the stakes of these cases. Orsted and Equinor have both said that even a week or two more of delays on one of these projects could jeopardize their projects and lead to cancellation due to narrow timelines for specialized ships, and Dominion stated in the challenge to its stop work order that halting construction may cost the company billions.
It’s aware of the problem. That doesn’t make it easier to solve.
The data center backlash has metastasized into a full-blown PR crisis, one the tech sector is trying to get out in front of. But it is unclear whether companies are responding effectively enough to avoid a cascading series of local bans and restrictions nationwide.
Our numbers don’t lie: At least 25 data center projects were canceled last year, and nearly 100 projects faced at least some form of opposition, according to Heatmap Pro data. We’ve also recorded more than 60 towns, cities and counties that have enacted some form of moratorium or restrictive ordinance against data center development. We expect these numbers to rise throughout the year, and it won’t be long before the data on data center opposition is rivaling the figures on total wind or solar projects fought in the United States.
I spent this week reviewing the primary motivations for conflict in these numerous data center fights and speaking with representatives of the data center sector and relevant connected enterprises, like electrical manufacturing. I am now convinced that the industry knows it has a profound challenge on its hands. Folks are doing a lot to address it, from good-neighbor promises to lobbying efforts at the state and federal level. But much more work will need to be done to avoid repeating mistakes that have bedeviled other industries that face similar land use backlash cycles, such as fossil fuel extraction, mining, and renewable energy infrastructure development.
Two primary issues undergird the data center mega-backlash we’re seeing today: energy use fears and water consumption confusion.
Starting with energy, it’s important to say that data center development currently correlates with higher electricity rates in areas where projects are being built, but the industry challenges the presumption that it is solely responsible for that phenomenon. In the eyes of opponents, utilities are scrambling to construct new power supplies to meet projected increases in energy demand, and this in turn is sending bills higher.
That’s because, as I’ve previously explained, data centers are getting power in two ways: off the existing regional electric grid or from on-site generation, either from larger new facilities (like new gas plants or solar farms) or diesel generators for baseload, backup purposes. But building new power infrastructure on site takes time, and speed is the name of the game right now in the AI race, so many simply attach to the existing grid.
Areas with rising electricity bills are more likely to ban or restrict data center development. Let’s just take one example: Aurora, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago and the second most-populous city in the state. Aurora instituted a 180-day moratorium on data center development last fall after receiving numerous complaints about data centers from residents, including a litany related to electricity bills. More than 1.5 gigawatts of data center capacity already operate in the surrounding Kane County, where residential electricity rates are at a three-year high and expected to increase over the near term – contributing to a high risk of opposition against new projects.
The second trouble spot is water, which data centers need to cool down their servers. Project developers have face a huge hurdle in the form of viral stories of households near data centers who suddenly lack a drop to drink. Prominent examples activists bring up include this tale of a family living next to a Meta facility in Newton County, Georgia, and this narrative of people living around an Amazon Web Services center in St. Joseph County, Indiana. Unsurprisingly, the St. Joseph County Council rejected a new data center in response to, among other things, very vocal water concerns. (It’s worth noting that the actual harm caused to water systems by data centers is at times both over- and under-stated, depending on the facility and location.)
“I think it’s very important for the industry as a whole to be honest that living next to [a data center] is not an ideal situation,” said Caleb Max, CEO of the National Artificial Intelligence Association, a new D.C.-based trade group launched last year that represents Oracle and myriad AI companies.
Polling shows that data centers are less popular than the use of artificial intelligence overall, Max told me, so more needs to be done to communicate the benefits that come from their development – including empowering AI. “The best thing the industry could start to do is, for the people in these zip codes with the data centers, those people need to more tangibly feel the benefits of it.”
Many in the data center development space are responding quickly to these concerns. Companies are clearly trying to get out ahead on energy, with the biggest example arriving this week from Microsoft, which pledged to pay more for the electricity it uses to power its data centers. “It’s about balancing that demand and market with these concerns. That’s why you're seeing the industry lean in on these issues and more proactively communicating with communities,” said Dan Diorio, state policy director for the Data Center Coalition.
There’s also an effort underway to develop national guidance for data centers led by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association, the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, expected to surface publicly by this summer. Some of the guidance has already been published, such as this document on energy storage best practices, which is intended to help data centers know how to properly use solutions that can avoid diesel generators, an environmental concern in communities. But the guidance will ultimately include discussions of cooling, too, which can be a water-intensive practice.
“It’s a great example of an instance where industry is coming together and realizing there’s a need for guidance. There’s a very rapidly developing sector here that uses electricity in a fundamentally different way, that’s almost unprecedented,” Patrick Hughes, senior vice president of strategy, technical, and industry affairs for NEMA, told me in an interview Monday.
Personally, I’m unsure whether these voluntary efforts will be enough to assuage the concerns of local officials. It certainly isn’t convincing folks like Jon Green, a member of the Board of Supervisors in Johnson County, Iowa. Johnson County is a populous area, home to the University of Iowa campus, and Green told me that to date it hasn’t really gotten any interest from data center developers. But that didn’t stop the county from instituting a one-year moratorium in 2025 to block projects and give time for them to develop regulations.
I asked Green if there’s a form of responsible data center development. “I don’t know if there is, at least where they’re going to be economically feasible,” he told me. “If we say they’ve got to erect 40 wind turbines and 160 acres of solar in order to power a data center, I don’t know if when they do their cost analysis that it’ll pencil out.”
Plus a storage success near Springfield, Massachusetts, and more of the week’s biggest renewables fights.
1. Sacramento County, California – A large solar farm might go belly-up thanks to a fickle utility and fears of damage to old growth trees.
2. Hampden County, Massachusetts – The small Commonwealth city of Agawam, just outside of Springfield, is the latest site of a Massachusetts uproar over battery storage…
3. Washtenaw County, Michigan – The city of Saline southwest of Detroit is now banning data centers for at least a year – and also drafting regulations around renewable energy.
4. Dane County, Wisconsin – Another city with a fresh data center moratorium this week: Madison, home of the Wisconsin Badgers.
5. Hood County, Texas – Last but not least, I bring you one final stop on the apparent data center damnation tour: Hood County, south of the Texas city of Fort Worth.