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On Hyundai’s ICE delays, Russia’s nuclear hiccup, and China exports its boom
Current conditions: Warming in the Gulf of Mexico is raising the risk of a tropical storm • Strong winds in the Rocky Mountains and lightning from drier storms are creating conditions for wildfires to spread out West • Heavy rainfall is bringing flash floods to vast swaths of northern India.
On a trip to Europe to promote U.S. fossil fuel exports on Thursday, Secretary of the Interior Doug Burgum lashed Brussels for adopting a “climate ideology” that he said distracted policymakers in the West from more pressing concerns such as competing with China over artificial intelligence. “What’s going to save the planet is winning the A.I. arms race. We need power to do that and we need it now,” Burgum said, according to The New York Times. “We need to worry about the humans that are on the planet today. The real existential threat right now is not one degree of climate change.”
Back in Washington, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued a warning to European companies operating under accounting rules that prioritize sustainability and climate responsibility. In an interview with the Financial Times, SEC chair Paul Atkins said the International Financial Reporting Standards Foundation was “chasing political fads,” calling the accounting rulemaking organization’s focus on climate “a real issue, a real problem.” Meanwhile, Canada may be getting on board with a U.S. demand to abandon climate targets. Ottawa is considering scrapping a cap on oil emissions as part of its latest update to its decarbonization target, Reuters reported late Thursday night.
Last week, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement conducted its biggest workplace raid since President Donald Trump returned to office, arresting hundreds of workers at a Hyundai electric vehicle battery plant in Georgia. The vast majority of the workers were South Koreans, as I reported on Monday in this newsletter, spurring a diplomatic incident with Seoul that saw the country’s foreign minister consider a trip to the U.S. For now, the raid has had the immediate effect of delaying the manufacturing facility. Construction at the site, which is co-owned with the battery giant LG Energy Solution, is currently on pause as the companies grapple with worker shortages. The setback could take months to sort out. “This is going to give us minimum two to three months delay, because now all these people want to get back,” Hyundai Chief Executive Officer José Muñoz told Bloomberg. “Then you need to see how can you fill those positions. And for the most part, those people are not in the US.”
“You are already poorer because of this idiocy, you just don’t know it yet,” Heatmap’s Robinson Meyer wrote in a post on X last week, in response to a video of ICE agents chaining workers at the wrists and ankles. “This will crush American manufacturing know-how.”
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Renewables aren’t the only infrastructure that invites not-in-my-backyard opposition these days. Data centers may be even less popular, according to a national poll conducted by Heatmap’s intelligence platform, Heatmap Pro. The survey of 3,741 American voters asked, “Would you support or oppose a data center being built near where you live?” and found that just 44% of respondents said they would support or strongly support a data center being built near them, while 42% would oppose or strongly oppose it. That’s a net support of only +2%. Nearly all energy projects fared better. Natural gas posted 34% net support, while wind netted 19%, and even nuclear saw 10% net support.
“It’s worth stepping back and thinking of how remarkable this is,” Heatmap’s Matthew Zeitlin wrote. “The American public, according to Heatmap’s polling, is more skeptical of data centers which, once built, are essentially warehouses than they are of gas-fired power plants which emit, besides the greenhouse gases, nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide.”
In a series of deals struck amid late-night negotiations, California Governor Gavin Newsom and Democratic lawmakers agreed to extend the state’s cap-and-trade program, ease regulations on oil and gas production, reform utility spending, and advance regional energy sharing. Taken together, public radio station KQED wrote, “they present lawmakers with a series of monumental” policy shifts just days before the legislative session ends. Climate activists praised the cap-and-trade extension but lambasted the drilling rules as a sellout to fossil fuel companies. But the utility reforms could prove among the most politically salient as electricity prices soar across the country and capture growing political attention. The overhaul will allow governments to fund grid infrastructure through bonds rather than capital expenditures through the utilities that are ultimately passed on to ratepayers with higher costs.
Yet even that may have a limited effect on prices. As Heatmap’s Matthew Zeitlin wrote in June, “in the near term, there’s likely not much policymakers can do about electricity prices, and therefore utility bills going up. Renewables are almost certainly the fastest way to get new electrons on the grid, but the completion of even existing projects could be thrown into doubt by the House bill’s strict ‘foreign entity of concern’ rules, which try to extricate the renewables industry from its relationship with China.”
China isn’t just exporting its solar panels, batteries, and electric vehicles. The world’s second largest economy has sharply increased plans for new foreign factory investments in recent years, pledging more than $210 billion since 2022, new research shows. A report from Johns Hopkins University's Net Zero Industrial Policy Lab found that Chinese companies are looking to establish manufacturing sites closer to raw materials overseas. The researchers at the lab and Brown University tracked more than 460 green factories abroad announced by Chinese firms since 2011. More than 80% of them came after 2022. As China’s firms expand abroad, “countries must plan, fund and implement green industrial policies and bargain hard with Chinese firms to achieve their priority of sustainable development,” Tim Sahay, co-director of the Net Zero Industrial Policy Lab, told Bloomberg.
Chinese scientists have created a new material that makes liquor taste better while slashing pollution from the distilling process. Using a series of heating, chemical, and steam treatments, researchers transformed distiller’s grains into a composite material made of activated carbon and silica, known as AC-SiO2. The new material is able to remove nearly 86% of the benzaldehyde, the naturally occuring substance formed during fermentation that causes off flavors and potential health problems from drinking. Instead, the AC-SiO2 captures the benzaldehyde molecules. “This work not only provides a green solution for the liquor industry but also shows how agricultural waste can be upgraded into something valuable,” Zhicheng Jiang, a co-author of the study from Sichuan University, said in a press release.
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The collateral damage from the Lava Ridge wind project might now include a proposed 285-mile transmission line initially approved by federal regulators in the 1990s.
The same movement that got Trump to kill the Lava Ridge wind farm Trump killed has appeared to derail a longstanding transmission project that’s supposed to connect sought-after areas for wind energy in Idaho to power-hungry places out West.
The Southwest Intertie Project-North, also known as SWIP-N, is a proposed 285-mile transmission line initially approved by federal regulators in the 1990s. If built, SWIP-N is supposed to feed power from the wind-swept plains of southern Idaho to the Southwest, while shooting electrons – at least some generated from solar power – back up north into Idaho from Nevada, Utah, and Arizona. In California, regulators have identified the line as crucial for getting cleaner wind energy into the state’s grid to meet climate goals.
But on Tuesday, SWIP-N suddenly faced a major setback: The three-person commission representing Jerome County, Idaho – directly in the path of the project – voted to revoke its special use permit, stating the company still lacked proper documentation to meet the terms and conditions of the approval. SWIP-N had the wind at its back as recently as last year, when LS Power expected it to connect to Lava Ridge and other wind farms that have been delayed by Trump’s federal permitting freeze on renewable energy. But now, the transmission line has stuttered along with this potential generation.
At a hearing Tuesday evening, county commissioners said Great Basin Transmission, a subsidiary of LS Power developing the line, would now suddenly need new input, including the blessing of the local highway district and potential feedback from the Federal Aviation Administration. Jerome County Commissioner Charles Howell explained to me Wednesday afternoon that there will still need to be formal steps remanding the permit, and the process will go back to local zoning officials. Great Basin Transmission will then at minimum need to get the sign-offs from local highway officials to satisfy his concerns, as well as those of the other commissioner who voted to rescind the permit, Ben Crouch.
The permit was many years old, and there are outstanding questions about what will happen next procedurally, including what Great Basin Transmission is actually able to do to fight this choice by the commissioners. At minimum, staff for the commission will write a formal decision explaining the reasoning and remand the permit. After that, it’ll be up to Great Basin Transmission to produce the documents that commissioners want. “Even our attorney and staff didn’t have those answers when we asked that after the vote,” Howell said, adding that he hopes the issues can be resolved. “I was on the county commission about when they decided where to site the towers, where to site the right-of-ways. That’s all been there a long time.”
This is the part where I bring up how Jerome County’s decision followed a months-long fight by aggrieved residents who opposed the SWIP-N line, including homeowners who say they didn’t know their properties were in the path of the project. There’s also a significant anti-wind undercurrent, as many who are fighting this transmission line previously fought LS Power’s Lava Ridge wind project, which was blocked by and executive order from President Donald Trump on his first day in office. Jerome County itself passed an ordinance in May requiring any renewable energy facility to get all federal, state, and local approvals before it would sign off on new projects.
Opposition to SWIP-N comes from a similar place as the “Stop Lava Ridge” campaign. Along with viewshed anxieties and property value impacts, SWIP-N, like Lava Ridge, would be within single-digit miles of the Minidoka National Historic Site, a former prison camp that held Japanese-Americans during World War II. In the eyes of its staunchest critics, constructing the wind farm would’ve completely damaged any impact of visiting the site by filling the surroundings of what is otherwise a serene, somber scene. Descendants of Minidoka detainees lobbied politicians at all levels to oppose Lava Ridge, a cause that was ultimately championed by Republican politicians in their fight against the project.
These same descendants of Japanese-American detainees have fought the transmission line, arguing that its construction would inevitably lead to new wind projects. “If approved, the SWIP-N line would enable LS Power and other renewable energy companies to build massive wind projects on federal land in and around Jerome County in future years,” wrote Dan Sakura, the son of a Minidoka prisoner, in a September 15 letter to the commission.
Sakura had been a leading voice in the fight against Lava Ridge. When I asked why he was weighing in on SWIP-N, he told me over text message, “The Lava Ridge wind project poisoned the well for renewable energy projects on federal land in Southern Idaho.”
LS Power did not respond to a request for comment.
It’s worth noting that efforts have already been made to avoid SWIP-N’s impacts to the Minidoka National Historic Site. In 2010, Congress required the Interior Secretary to re-do the review process for the transmission line, which at the time was proposed to go through the historic site. The route rejected by Jerome County would go around.
There is also no guarantee that wind energy will flock to southern Idaho any time soon. Yes, there’s a Trump permitting freeze, and federal wind energy tax credits are winding down. That’s almost certainly why the developers of small nuclear reactors have reportedly coveted the Lava Ridge site for future projects. But there’s also incredible hostility pent up against wind partially driven by the now-defunct LS Power project, for instance in Lincoln County, where officials now have an emergency moratorium banning wind energy while they develop a more permanent restrictive ordinance.
Howell made no bones about his own views on wind farms, telling me he prefers battery storage and nuclear power. “As I stand here in my backyard, if they put up windmills, that’s all I’m going to see for 40 miles,” he said
But Howell did confess to me that he thinks SWIP-N will ultimately be built – if the company is able to get these new sign-offs. What kind of energy flows through a transmission line cannot ultimately affect the decision on the special use permit because, he said, “there are rules.” On top of that, Idaho is going to ultimately need more power no matter what, and at the very least, the state will have to get electrons from elsewhere.
Howell’s “non-political” answer to the fate of SWIP-N, as he put it to me, is that “We live on power, so we gotta have more power.”
The week’s most important news around renewable project fights.
1. Western Nevada — The Esmeralda 7 solar mega-project may be no more.
2. Washoe County, Nevada – Elsewhere in Nevada, the Greenlink North transmission line has been delayed by at least another month.
3. Oconto County, Wisconsin – Solar farm town halls are now sometimes getting too scary for developers to show up at.
4. Apache County, Arizona – In brighter news, this county looks like it will give its first-ever conditional use permit for a large solar farm, EDF Renewables’ Juniper Spring project.
5. Putnam County, Indiana – After hearing about what happened here this week, I’m fearful for any solar developer trying to work in Indiana.
6. Tippecanoe County, Indiana – Two counties to the north of Putnam is a test case for the impacts a backlash on solar energy can have on data centers.
A conversation with Spencer Hanes of EnerVenue
Today’s conversation is with Spencer Hanes, vice president of international business development for long-duration battery firm EnerVenue and a veteran in clean energy infrastructure development. I reached out to Hanes for two reasons: One, I wanted to gab about solutions, for once, and also because he expressed an interest in discussing how data center companies are approaching the media-driven battery safety panic sweeping renewable energy development. EnerVenue doesn’t use lithium-ion batteries – it uses metal-hydrogen, which Hanes told me may have a much lower risk of thermal runaway (a.k.a. unstoppable fire).
I really appreciated our conversation because, well, it left me feeling like battery alternatives might become an easy way for folks to dodge the fire freakout permeating headlines and local government hearing rooms.
This conversation has been lightly edited for clarity.
From a developer’s perspective, if you’re working in utility-scale battery development, why ditch lithium-ion batteries?
My first battery project was at Duke Energy in 2010. It was a lead-acid battery project in Texas. It was the first time we’d incorporated batteries into a renewables project, and it was probably the biggest in the northern hemisphere. Now I don’t even think it is the biggest in Texas, but it was a big step forward.
What developers are finding is that lithium batteries don’t last as long as the developers would like them to. That means they’ve got a shelf life of 7,000 cycles, maybe 8,000 cycles, and it depends on how you use them – lithium ion batteries have to perform under the perfect environment or they can be damaged. Our batteries, on the other hand, are incredibly flexible, and we have a much more robust product that we think is safer and longer lasting than lithium – which has its place, but there are more and more safety issues around it. [There’s] virtually no risk of thermal runaway with our battery.
So I recently had a lithium-ion battery explode on me for the first time – it sparked up and fused to an electrical cable. It was very surprising, and as someone who writes about this stuff a lot, it still took me aback. As someone who is interacting with folks in data center development spaces, seeking battery storage for their operations, how are they digesting the anxieties around battery failures?
Well, the good news is that the data center developers are just trying to get electrons where they can find them. It's hard to find any sort of generation resource right now. Solar and batteries are just the easiest to find.
The safety piece is always going to be top of mind, though. They’re going to build redundancies into their battery projects, wall them off and containerize different batteries so if there’s a spark it doesn’t propagate.
Because data centers need electrons quickly right now, these companies are immune to the battery safety anxieties percolating in the public right now?
Yeah. They’ve been using them for a long time, they’re familiar with them. But the data centers and the big power users are sometimes stressing the lithium-ion batteries in ways they can no longer handle.
Do you feel like data center companies, big power users, do they get the inherent risks from a social license perspective and a siting perspective in using big lithium-ion batteries?
I think a lot of battery projects are being developed in containers because of fire issues, so if there is an issue it’s contained, and that’s a best practice right now.
What would be better is if there was a zero risk of thermal runaway. I think there’s a growing need for other technologies to come along that are safer and more utility-grade, able to serve multiple purposes. But the data center companies are very smart about how they’re developing, and they’re not going to do it in a way that creates problems for other parts of the data center.
Are there ways to avoid building out a lot of batteries? Maybe minimizing how many batteries are used on site, or how much infrastructure needs to be put on site to minimize fire risk?
I think unfortunately it's largely a case by case determination in where you are. I’m running across more and more engineering firms that aren’t comfortable with even the safest batteries being inside a building. Now, everyone wants them containerized because a thermal runaway event is a catastrophic risk no one wants to take.
EnerVenue has a product that fits that profile. There are many others that fit that profile, as well. We need many more options of technologies that can fit the bill. Lithium has a really important role in our society, doing well enough in phones and laptops, but we think we have a competitive offering for grid scale energy storage.
From your vantage point, do you see data center development as the growth area for storage in the U.S. right now?
A year ago I’d get a call once a quarter, and now I’m fielding calls every month. It's because there’s such a crunch on generation. If you put a battery with a data center … everybody wants to say the centers are operating 99.9% of the time, but they’re also not operating at 100% capacity all day, so if they can generate electricity and store it in a battery to use when rates are cheaper or when there’s a constraint on the grid, that’s a benefit to them.