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This is the EV poster child the world needs.

“It is a head turner, a traffic stopper, a conversation starter.” That’s what The New York Times wrote about the Volkswagen New Beetle when it debuted almost exactly 25 years ago.
That’s the kind of magic Volkswagen hopes to work again starting next year with another reborn icon: the original “Type 2” Microbus that reached a household-name status in the 1960s and ‘70s. And like the New Beetle before it, this new VW Bus offers a taste of nostalgia but ultimately updates the recipe for a new era.
While the New Beetle was powered by diesel and gasoline engines, the VW Bus is reborn as the ID.Buzz, and now it runs on electrons instead of fossil fuels.
The U.S.-spec 2025 Volkswagen ID.Buzz made its debut Friday at a special event in Huntington Beach, California, where its surfer-and-hippie-van image was played to the hilt. It’s an understatement to say we’ve been waiting a while for this electrified Type 2 comeback; the original concept car debuted way back in 2017, but the world would wait another five years before the production car would go on sale in Europe. And Americans will have to wait even longer still until sales start here in 2024.
But just as the original Microbus wasn’t known for its speed, this new ID.Buzz makes up for its lack of punctuality with pure charm. Americans will get the longer, bigger version of the bus with rear-wheel-drive or all-wheel-drive; more horsepower than the European model; and a bigger 91 kWh battery good for an estimated 260 miles of range, according to various reports.
And above all, it just looks fantastic. There are a lot of reasons to pay attention to the ID.Buzz when it finally starts gracing American roads next year.
The world, and the car market, are very different since the days when the New Beetle was still, uh, new. While the spherical, ultra-cute, vividly colored New Beetle was essentially a stylish compact car, American buyers’ tastes have since skewed much bigger. We’re a truck, SUV, and crossover market now. That goes doubly true for EVs.
Electric vehicles are costly (and not always profitable) to make, and so automakers have to target the most volume-selling segments first. This is partly why the Mustang Mach-E is a small crossover and not a coupe, for example.
So VW was smart to use the old Microbus as a way into this world (though it should be noted that the company has flirted with this idea for over 20 years now). The U.S.-spec ID.Buzz has three rows of seats and can carry up to seven people. In short, it’s a people-mover just like the old one was, and that’s the kind of car we’re buying right now.
And thankfully, it’s not just another crossover. No automaker has really jumped into the electric van space with this much style yet. Those offerings tend to be cargo-carrying options, like the Ford E-Transit. The ID.Buzz brings family-friendly capability with a design that you may just stare at when it’s stopped to charge. I’d argue Hyundai’s eye-catching Ioniq cars are like that, but they still won’t bowl people over like VW’s electric van will.
It’s proof that, yes, automakers can think outside the box a little bit and that EV design, unencumbered by the need to place an internal combustion engine somewhere, can take more risks. I hope we see more of this. Too many new electric crossovers are just straight boring. I don’t see a world where driving an ID.Buzz wouldn’t be an adventure of some sort.
The ID.Buzz has the potential to be exactly the kind of head-turning, traffic-stopping, conversation-starting electric vehicle that we haven’t really seen the likes of since the Tesla Model 3 came out.
It’s not just a needed shot in the arm for Volkswagen after the capable but unexciting electric ID.4 crossover — although it very much is that — it’s also destined to become a new kind of ambassador for electric cars in general. And one driven by eye-catching design, our real or idealized visions of the past, and the kind of technology VW and other companies are counting on over the next few decades.
When people see this thing, they’re going to stop and ask questions — and those questions will invariably touch on the charging experience, range, and day-to-day driving. That might help people realize EV ownership is more within reach than ever, and getting better all of the time.
Remember how much you didn’t love never going anywhere at the height of COVID-19? Pandemic lockdowns are why so many Americans discovered the #vanlife for the first time, going on long, outdoorsy trips in camper vans, RVs, and even Japanese-imported off-road vans.
Even though much of the very worst of COVID-19 seems thankfully in our collective rearview mirrors, the road trip, camping, and vanlife boom is still going relatively strong. And the RV Industry Association says a new generation of Millennials (and sometimes Zoomers) is taking up this mantle for the first time ever, bringing younger energy into something once considered almost exclusively a Boomer hobby.
If you want to do that and not pay for expensive RV gas, the ID.Buzz seems like a great way in. While it’s not as large as RVs are, obviously, it does seem tailor-made for road trips just like the Microbus was. The new EV even has tables that fold out of the back seats and a removable center console between the front seats for extra space. You’re kind of missing out on a lot of fun if you just use this thing for school drop-offs and daily errands.
But time will tell if the new ID.Buzz is going to be the kind of ultra-popular, volume-selling EV that could keep Elon Musk awake at night and wondering if he should spend more time updating Tesla’s lineup and less time tweeting.
The price is still a big unknown factor. We should learn more about that closer to its actual debut, but the estimates of around $40,000 feel a bit low to me; I’m worried it could be closer to $60,000. (VW’s North American CEO is already warning his dealers not to engage in price-gouging.) And as of now, the German-built ID.Buzz won’t qualify for any tax credits.
Finally, that 260-mile range isn’t exactly mind-blowing. With tons of competitors crossing 300 miles of range or more these days — that’s what you get from Kia’s forthcoming three-row EV9, for example — road-tripping may hinge on the car’s ability to charge its battery from 10 to 80 percent in 30 minutes rather than its talents as a distance runner. One imagines we’ll see some range upgrades in the near future.
Nonetheless. the ID.Buzz remains something to look forward to, an exciting and fresh entry into the electric space that I suspect could be a lot of families’ first EV ever. But if you end up getting one, expect to spend a lot of your time talking to other people about it.
The ID.Buzz won’t fly under the radar like yet another boring crossover, and that’s exactly the point.
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The spinoff of Lawrence Livermore National Lab has a new 10-point plan to get onto the grid by the 2030s.
One of fusion energy’s newest startups, Inertia Enterprises, is betting that the fastest route to commercial fusion runs through one of the field’s oldest ideas. The company, which raised a $450 million Series A earlier this year, plans to build a power plant based on the laser-driven fusion system pioneered at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory’s — the only tech yet to have produced more energy from a fusion reaction than it took to initiate it. Now, Inertia has shared its commercialization roadmap exclusively with Heatmap, detailing the 10 near-term capabilities it must demonstrate before this landmark experiment can become a grid-scale power plant by the mid-2030s.
The roadmap offers a route from the national lab’s impressive but commercially impractical fusion demonstrations to an economical power plant capable of producing electricity for the grid. At its core are a set of milestones — mostly aimed at developing cheap, mass-manufacturable components — that Inertia says it must clear before those individual systems can be integrated into a working plant. This road is not necessarily linear, however, as various teams will likely be working on many of these goals simultaneously.
At least the physics of Inertia’s approach are already proven, the startup’s CEO Jeff Lawson told me, pointing to the fusion experiments at Lawrence Livermore’s National Ignition Facility as a proof-of-concept. The lab’s demonstration of net energy gain caps more than six decades and $30 billion (in 2026 dollars) of U.S. fusion research. The remaining challenges, he argued, are all engineering-related, requiring “elbow grease, hard work, and smart people” rather than breakthroughs in fusion science.
"It seems to us like a startup or a commercial company of any variety should be focused on commercializing a proven scientific result, as opposed to actually trying to demonstrate the basic science to begin with," Lawson told me. Basic science, he argues, is better left to national labs and universities, where researchers can pursue "unbounded problems" that don’t align with the expectations and timelines of venture-backed startups.
Indeed, no fusion startup has yet achieved scientific breakeven, the milestone Lawrence Livermore first hit in 2022, and has since repeated numerous times. But leading players such as Commonwealth Fusion Systems and Helion Energy maintain that it’s only a matter of time before they validate the physics behind their own reactor designs, which they claim will be highly cost-competitive.
Lawson, on the other hand, readily acknowledged that Lawrence Livermore’s tech is uneconomical in its current form. His bet is simply that the more predictable path to a commercial reactor is to drive down the cost of the lab’s validated fusion approach, known as inertial confinement. This system relies on high-powered lasers firing at a millimeter-scale pellet of fusion fuel, compressing it to extreme temperatures and pressures until the atoms fuse. Today, the National Ignition Facility makes each individual fusion target by hand, a workable solution given that it only uses about a dozen per year.
That production model, however, isn’t remotely plausible for a grid-scale power plant. Because each fusion reaction lasts just a fraction of a billionth of a second, a commercial facility must fire its lasers at a fresh target about 10 times per second to generate continuous electricity — requiring the production of hundreds of millions of targets each year.
Scaling production to roughly a million pellets per day and making them inexpensive enough for commercial operation without compromising the strength or precision required for fusion ignition is central to Inertia’s roadmap. That includes goals five, seven, eight and nine — industrializing the manufacturing of the carbon shells that hold the fusion fuel, making the thin films that hold those carbon shells both durable and cheap, scaling up and automating fusion target assembly, and speeding up how fast targets are filled with the requisite deuterium-tritium fuel.
The other central focus of the roadmap is the laser system, which will ultimately consist of 1,000 individual units operating in concert to compress and heat the fusion fuel. Key priorities include reducing the system’s cost (goal two), dramatically increasing its firing cadence (goal three), and bolstering its durability to withstand high-intensity operations (goal four). Goal six also complements these efforts, calling for the development of a control system capable of tracking moving fusion targets to precisely align each laser shot.
Goals one and 10 bookend the journey with some broader milestones. The first focuses on increasing the fusion target’s energy gain — the ratio of fusion energy produced to laser energy delivered — to more than 25 times ignition. Today, the National Ignition Facility’s best-performing laser shot has yielded a gain of just over four times what it took to start the reaction. Goal 10 then zooms out to the ultimate objective: integrating all these technologies into a commercially viable power plant that can deliver either electricity or industrial heat to end customers.
To reach that point, Inertia has embarked on an industrial engineering hiring spree, recruiting folks with experience taking complex hardware systems from prototype to mass production, “not unlike the processes that are used in the semiconductor or consumer electronics world,” Lawson explained. The company has been making progress on its component development goals since the beginning of the year, he told me, and expects to announce the successful demonstration of a few of these milestones in the coming months. Lawson ultimately expects Inertia to complete the core components of its laser and target manufacturing systems by the middle of next year.
The team will spend the next two to three years integrating these individual pieces into two fully operational subsystems, a prototype laser system and a target manufacturing line. Around 2030, the company will begin combining those subsystems into a first-of-a-kind fusion power plant, which will also serve as the proving ground for the target chamber, tritium fuel breeding system, and power conversion system that turns fusion heat into electricity. By the middle of the next decade, Inertia aims to be generating power from this first plant, setting the stage for the company to build and connect additional grid-scale commercial power plants.
There are plenty of engineering trade-offs that the company will have to solve for. Take the decision around how to size the target chamber, for example. “If you make it bigger, your walls have an easier time and survive longer, but it’s more expensive. If you make it smaller, your walls have a tougher time because they’re closer to all the heat and energy that the fusion reaction is creating, but now your power plant costs less to build.”
But to Lawson, this represents exactly the type of problem Inertia was built to solve: complex engineering issues that come to the fore once scientists have demonstrated the fundamental physics are sound. He thinks other fusion companies may someday reach this stage, as well — though he’s unwilling to hazard a guess on exactly what approach or startup is best positioned to do so.
“There have been generations of scientists who’ve made their predictions about fusion energy and gotten it wrong,” he told me. “I’m not going to pretend to be smarter than them. All I’m here to say is, just knowing that one did work, we can commercialize it.”