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On Hyundai’s ICE delays, Russia’s nuclear hiccup, and China exports its boom

Current conditions: Warming in the Gulf of Mexico is raising the risk of a tropical storm • Strong winds in the Rocky Mountains and lightning from drier storms are creating conditions for wildfires to spread out West • Heavy rainfall is bringing flash floods to vast swaths of northern India.
On a trip to Europe to promote U.S. fossil fuel exports on Thursday, Secretary of the Interior Doug Burgum lashed Brussels for adopting a “climate ideology” that he said distracted policymakers in the West from more pressing concerns such as competing with China over artificial intelligence. “What’s going to save the planet is winning the A.I. arms race. We need power to do that and we need it now,” Burgum said, according to The New York Times. “We need to worry about the humans that are on the planet today. The real existential threat right now is not one degree of climate change.”
Back in Washington, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued a warning to European companies operating under accounting rules that prioritize sustainability and climate responsibility. In an interview with the Financial Times, SEC chair Paul Atkins said the International Financial Reporting Standards Foundation was “chasing political fads,” calling the accounting rulemaking organization’s focus on climate “a real issue, a real problem.” Meanwhile, Canada may be getting on board with a U.S. demand to abandon climate targets. Ottawa is considering scrapping a cap on oil emissions as part of its latest update to its decarbonization target, Reuters reported late Thursday night.
Last week, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement conducted its biggest workplace raid since President Donald Trump returned to office, arresting hundreds of workers at a Hyundai electric vehicle battery plant in Georgia. The vast majority of the workers were South Koreans, as I reported on Monday in this newsletter, spurring a diplomatic incident with Seoul that saw the country’s foreign minister consider a trip to the U.S. For now, the raid has had the immediate effect of delaying the manufacturing facility. Construction at the site, which is co-owned with the battery giant LG Energy Solution, is currently on pause as the companies grapple with worker shortages. The setback could take months to sort out. “This is going to give us minimum two to three months delay, because now all these people want to get back,” Hyundai Chief Executive Officer José Muñoz told Bloomberg. “Then you need to see how can you fill those positions. And for the most part, those people are not in the US.”
“You are already poorer because of this idiocy, you just don’t know it yet,” Heatmap’s Robinson Meyer wrote in a post on X last week, in response to a video of ICE agents chaining workers at the wrists and ankles. “This will crush American manufacturing know-how.”
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Renewables aren’t the only infrastructure that invites not-in-my-backyard opposition these days. Data centers may be even less popular, according to a national poll conducted by Heatmap’s intelligence platform, Heatmap Pro. The survey of 3,741 American voters asked, “Would you support or oppose a data center being built near where you live?” and found that just 44% of respondents said they would support or strongly support a data center being built near them, while 42% would oppose or strongly oppose it. That’s a net support of only +2%. Nearly all energy projects fared better. Natural gas posted 34% net support, while wind netted 19%, and even nuclear saw 10% net support.
“It’s worth stepping back and thinking of how remarkable this is,” Heatmap’s Matthew Zeitlin wrote. “The American public, according to Heatmap’s polling, is more skeptical of data centers which, once built, are essentially warehouses than they are of gas-fired power plants which emit, besides the greenhouse gases, nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide.”
In a series of deals struck amid late-night negotiations, California Governor Gavin Newsom and Democratic lawmakers agreed to extend the state’s cap-and-trade program, ease regulations on oil and gas production, reform utility spending, and advance regional energy sharing. Taken together, public radio station KQED wrote, “they present lawmakers with a series of monumental” policy shifts just days before the legislative session ends. Climate activists praised the cap-and-trade extension but lambasted the drilling rules as a sellout to fossil fuel companies. But the utility reforms could prove among the most politically salient as electricity prices soar across the country and capture growing political attention. The overhaul will allow governments to fund grid infrastructure through bonds rather than capital expenditures through the utilities that are ultimately passed on to ratepayers with higher costs.
Yet even that may have a limited effect on prices. As Heatmap’s Matthew Zeitlin wrote in June, “in the near term, there’s likely not much policymakers can do about electricity prices, and therefore utility bills going up. Renewables are almost certainly the fastest way to get new electrons on the grid, but the completion of even existing projects could be thrown into doubt by the House bill’s strict ‘foreign entity of concern’ rules, which try to extricate the renewables industry from its relationship with China.”
China isn’t just exporting its solar panels, batteries, and electric vehicles. The world’s second largest economy has sharply increased plans for new foreign factory investments in recent years, pledging more than $210 billion since 2022, new research shows. A report from Johns Hopkins University's Net Zero Industrial Policy Lab found that Chinese companies are looking to establish manufacturing sites closer to raw materials overseas. The researchers at the lab and Brown University tracked more than 460 green factories abroad announced by Chinese firms since 2011. More than 80% of them came after 2022. As China’s firms expand abroad, “countries must plan, fund and implement green industrial policies and bargain hard with Chinese firms to achieve their priority of sustainable development,” Tim Sahay, co-director of the Net Zero Industrial Policy Lab, told Bloomberg.
Chinese scientists have created a new material that makes liquor taste better while slashing pollution from the distilling process. Using a series of heating, chemical, and steam treatments, researchers transformed distiller’s grains into a composite material made of activated carbon and silica, known as AC-SiO2. The new material is able to remove nearly 86% of the benzaldehyde, the naturally occuring substance formed during fermentation that causes off flavors and potential health problems from drinking. Instead, the AC-SiO2 captures the benzaldehyde molecules. “This work not only provides a green solution for the liquor industry but also shows how agricultural waste can be upgraded into something valuable,” Zhicheng Jiang, a co-author of the study from Sichuan University, said in a press release.
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Climate tech investors talk investing in moonshots at SF Climate Week.
Three climate investors walked onto a boat.
That’s not the start of a joke — it’s a description of a panel at Heatmap House, a day of conversations and roundtables with leading policymakers, executives, and investors at San Francisco Climate Week (at the Klamath, a venue made out of an old ship).
Heatmap’s Katie Brigham moderated the roundtable conversation with Prelude Ventures Managing Director Gabriel Kra, Azolla Ventures co-founder Matthew Nordan, and Toba Capital Partner Susan Su. Many of their investments are in moonshot climate technologies that other financial players might avoid.
“Things that look contrarian is kind of what we do,” said Kra. “Occasionally, there’s an idea that looks bad that’s actually a good idea.”
Prelude Ventures funds early-stage climate companies that are “weird, or non-consensus, or counter cyclical, or just ahead of the curve,” according to Kra.
Nordan, for instance, said he backs cultivated meat despite some doubts that the category will achieve widespread popularity.
“I’m presently leading an investment in a company called Pythag Technologies,” said Nordan, talking about the generative AI company focused on lab-grown meat. “It’s actually a really interesting time to invest counter-cyclically in a field like that.”
Like Nordan, Su described her firm as one that is open to unconventional choices.
“We are very weird in that we invest across lots of different categories and lots of different stages,” said Su.
One of her personal investments is in Xeno. “This company does electric motorbikes for commercial drivers, as well as swapping and energy networks in emerging markets, starting in East Africa,” she explained.
The panelists told Katie that opting for less popular investments can be rewarding because they may help fund a major breakthrough.
“We placed a couple of bets on fusion before this current melée occurred that sort of had everybody thinking that, you know, fusion was the next hot thing,” said Kra (who claimed that he intended the pun).
Nordan emphasized the gap that venture can fill, left by larger institutional investors who may shy away from high-risk technologies.
“If there are true breakthroughs out there that just may not be investable by mainstream finance at the earliest stages,” Nordan said, “not because people don’t think they’re really good ideas, but they may be crazy early-stage or kind of weird, or non-consensus, or counter-cyclical, or just ahead of the curve, it would be a real shame.”
Noise ordinances won’t necessarily stop a multi-resonant whine from permeating the area.
What did you do for Earth Day this year? I spent mine visiting a notoriously loud artificial intelligence campus in Virginia’s Data Center Alley. The experience brought home to me just how big a problem noise can be for the communities adjacent to these tech campuses – and how much further local officials have to go in learning how to deal with them.
The morning of April 22, I jumped into a Toyota Highlander and drove it out to the Vantage VA2 data center campus in Sterling, Virginia, smack dab in the middle of a large residential community. The sensation when I got out of the car was unignorable – imagine an all-encompassing, monotonous whoosh accompanied by a low rumble you can feel in your body. It sounds like a jet engine that never stops running or a household vacuum amplified to 11 running at all hours. It was rainy the day I visited and planes from nearby Dulles International Airport were soaring overhead, but neither sound could remotely eclipse the thudding, multi-resonant hum.
If you want to hear the sound for yourself, this video accurately sums it up.
After parking nearby I walked to one of the residential enclaves adjacent to VA2. One resident of a home across the street, who declined to give me her name, said she moved there before the project was completed. When asked how she felt about the noise, she told me, “It’s not as bad as it could be on the other side [of the data center], where all the equipment is.” (While the sound does get louder on the other side, I could clearly hear VA2 from her driveway.)
VA2’s noise has been causing problems for months, as documented by numerous social media posts, local news clips, and a feature published in Politico. It’s doubtful many of those living near the data center wanted it there. The project was built quite quickly – so quickly that Google Earth still shows undeveloped woodlands on the site. Per public filings, Vantage first proposed the facility in 2022 under the county’s fast-track commercial incentive program, an expedited permitting process for specific preferred industries. It was under construction as recently as October 2024, according to images captured by Google Street View.
Noise is one of the most common issues associated with data centers. At least a third of all conflicts over data centers are over noise complaints, and noise is the number one reason for opposition in cases where projects were ultimately canceled, according to Heatmap Pro data.
This issue goes back almost a decade. In 2019, residents of the Phoenix ex-urb Chandler, Arizona, became irate after a loud monotonous hmmmm began emanating from a CyrusOne data center. In that case, CyrusOne traced the noise back to chilling fans, and the company reduced the sound with muffling devices.
Chandler wound up adopting a new ordinance in 2023 requiring sound mitigation measures to prevent companies from exceeding certain ambient noise levels in the surrounding areas. That did nothing to improve the mood of the people who live there, however. Now Chandler, once known as a potential data center development hub, is now firmly in the anti- camp. The city council unanimously rejected a proposed $2.5 billion data center campus in December over noise concerns, despite an expensive lobbying push backed by former Arizona Senator Kyrsten Sinema.
As data centers spread across the U.S., noise is becoming an ever-more-common complaint. You can hear the familiar hum at a DataOne data center project in Vineland, New Jersey. DataOne told us they “understand concerns about ambient noise in the area” and are operating within the limits of local noise ordinances.
The hum is also in Dowegiac, Michigan, where people living nearby are calling their new Hyperscale Data facility a “noise trap,” with little explanation to date for the issue. Hyperscale Data did not respond to a request for comment.
And the hum is in Mount Pleasant, Wisconsin, where the sound from a new Microsoft data center campus rises above any din from rain. The hyperscaling giant is doing more to mitigate the issue than I’m used to seeing from data center developers, however.
On April 15, the company published an update on its own internal investigations into noise complaints. “Although the facility noise levels meet the requirements set by local ordinance, we take this feedback seriously and understand the impact this has had on our neighbors,” the update read. “We anticipated that our systems would need adjustments and create some noise as part of the datacenter startup, but we did not expect the tonal quality of the sound to travel as far as it has.”
To address the noise, Microsoft said it was “manually adjusting the cooling fans” to reduce noise, and that “we expect this change to address community concerns about the tonal humming.” On top of that, the company said it will install “additional sound reduction components” to “provide even further reductions in measured sound levels.” A Microsoft spokesperson told me in an email: “We’ve identified the source of the noise concerns and have implemented changes to significantly reduce sound from our facility.”
It isn’t cooling fans causing the noise at Vantage’s VA2 in Virginia, however. The sound, according to media reports, is coming from gas turbines powering the data center.
VA2 is one of the first in Virginia to function entirely off-grid, a design companies are adopting in order to avoid lengthy grid connection processes. Company spokesman Mark Freeman told me the facility is “fully compliant with all local noise ordinances, and this has been verified by third-party sound studies.”
“Additionally, in line with our commitment, we are actively working with third-party engineers to explore additional sound mitigation options,” Freeman continued. Freeman said “Our goal is to further reduce noise levels where possible and continue to foster a positive environment for everyone.”
Here’s the thing, though: I visited the Vantage campus after initially hearing from the company, and it was loud. Very loud.
I did not bring a decibel meter with me, so I cannot know whether they were operating within legal limits that day. What I do know is that noise ordinances struggle to properly capture sounds in multiple frequency ranges, making high and low frequencies challenging to regulate, according to the Environmental and Energy Study Institute, a bipartisan non-profit think tank. Officials representing Loudon County, where VA2 is located, have acknowledged that the local ordinance may need to change in order to address the most distressing frequencies from the data center campus.
“We can change the zoning ordinance and noise ordinance,” Loudon County supervisor Mike Turner told local TV station WUSA9 last week. “Noise can be mitigated. I just don’t believe that the noise problem cannot be solved.”
I wrote Freeman, the Vantage spokesman, to tell him I had visited the VA2 campus and found the noise to be “quite foul.” He replied soon after, telling me that Vantage is going “above and beyond what is required in order to address concerns from nearby residents.” The company is using “targeted enhancements to turbine-related equipment such as dampening equipment, enclosure inlets and enclosure exhausts.” These measures “represent meaningful progress and will help us better evaluate the effectiveness of the broader solutions under consideration.” Freeman also said the company is “actively assessing additional options” focused on “targeted frequency ranges.”
As we continue to track local regulation of data centers, I’m we’ll see many more cases like VA2, in which obtrusive sound prompts forms of regulation we may have never seen before.
Or, people will just hear these noises and say no to more data centers.
Plus more of the week’s biggest project development fights.
New Jersey – Crucial transmission for future offshore wind energy in New Jersey is scrapped for now.
Montgomery County, Alabama – A statewide solar farm ban is dead for now after being blocked by lawmakers who had already reduced its scope.
Doña Ana County, New Mexico – The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission wants to move faster on data center power infrastructure, but at least one energy project for a major hyperscaler is trapped in internal conflicts.
Hawkins County, Tennessee – A local free-market nonprofit is suing this county in federal court to argue data center bans are unconstitutional.
Mingo County, West Virginia – Speaking of federal data center cases, West Virginia regulators will now be forced to testify in the legal challenge against a large hyperscaler in the heart of coal country.
Will County, Illinois – This county reversed several solar project rejections, but it didn’t do so happily.
King County, Washington – Seattle might be the next major city to ban data centers.