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Plus AI for powering AI, low-carbon concrete, and more of the week’s big money moves.

This week has already brought a plethora of funding announcements. As my colleague Alexander C. Kaufman highlighted in our AM newsletter, these include $421 million in debt financing for the geothermal unicorn Fervo and a deal between Uber and Rivian that could see the former investing over $1.2 billion in the electric vehicle automaker to support the deployment of up to 50,000 autonomous robotaxis through 2031.
But beyond these headline-grabbing numbers, this week also brings a major offtake agreement for the Massachusetts-based critical minerals startup Nth Cycle, coinciding with the Trump administration’s $500 million push for domestic refining and recycling. There’s also new money for an AI platform for energy data, lower-carbon concrete, and carbon sequestering textiles.
A wave of critical minerals startups has been gaining momentum in the U.S., buoyed by the Trump administration’s push to onshore production in the name of national security. One of those companies, Nth Cycle, recently signed a $1.1 billion, 10-year binding offtake agreement to supply nickel and lithium to global commodities trader Trafigura. The scale of this deal — Trafigura has committed to buying 2,000 metric tons of nickel and 1,500 metric tons of lithium carbonate — underscores the growing geopolitical attraction of breaking away from the Chinese-dominated battery minerals supply chain.
Nth Cycle recovers metals such as nickel, copper, and cobalt from “black mass” — a processed mixture of materials from spent lithium-ion batteries — by dissolving it in a liquid electrolyte and pumping it through an electrochemical cell. Individually-tuned voltages drive specific metal ions to gain electrons and deposit as solid metals onto the electrode’s surface. Unlike large-scale traditional metal refineries, the startup says its smaller, modular system can be deployed at existing partner sites like recycling facilities or scrap handling locations, reducing the cost of refining by up to 70%.
This deal will support the company’s expansion into South Carolina and the Netherlands, where operations are expected to start in 2028. Nth Cycle first started commercial operations a year and a half ago at a facility in Ohio capable of producing 900 metric tons annually of a mixed-metal material that contains nickel and cobalt.
“Speed to power” is the name of the game these days as companies — data centers in particular — need all the help they can get bringing new electricity sources online. Halcyon, which bills itself as “the AI platform for energy,” helps address this issue by helping energy professionals navigate and interpret vast volumes of information from regulatory findings to utility data, enabling more efficient and informed decisionmaking across energy markets and policy landscapes.
This week, the company announced a $21 million Series A round, led by the software-focused climate tech firm Energize Capital, to expand its platform’s capabilities, source even more data, and expand its team. The startup’s AI tool was built and trained on a deep catalogue of energy data from regulators including state public utility commissions, independent system operators, regional transmission organizations, and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, enabling users to query its sector-specific database as they would ChatGPT and track developments on particular questions.
“Despite representing as much as 10% of global GDP, multi-billion dollar energy investments are being made with opaque, incomplete, and fragmented information,” Bruce Falck, Halcyon’s co-founder and CEO, said in a company blog post about the new funding. “Halcyon makes complex and fragmented energy information discoverable, actionable, and valuable.” In addition to its main platform, the startup sells subscriptions to datasets such as its Gas Power Plant Tracker and New Substation Development Tracker, which can also inform data center citing decisions, for example.
The world produces roughly 30 billion metric tons of concrete annually, making it the most widely used man-made material on earth — and the source of about 8% of global CO2 emissions. That’s due to the energy-intensive production process of cement, the glue that holds the concrete mixture together. Now though, the London-based startup Cocoon Carbon promises to reduce the emissions intensity of concrete through the addition of industrial byproducts known as “supplementary cementitious materials,” raising a $15 million Series A to help scale production.
SCMs are nothing new — they’ve been a part of standard concrete mixes for decades due to their durability-enhancing properties. But today they’re largely sourced from the byproducts of coal plants and iron blast furnaces — technologies that are falling out of favor as natural gas and renewables scale and electric arc furnaces replace blast furnaces in the steel production process. That’s tightened the market for SCMs, causing prices to double since 2017, at the same time that construction is booming. To address this shortage, Cocoon has developed a rapid cooling system to convert steel slag residue from electric arc furnaces into a cement replacement that it says can reduce concrete emissions by up to 40%.
The startup says its ability to retrofit its system directly onto electric arc furnaces is crucial for cost-competitiveness, drawing a contrast with “other emerging alternatives to cement” — startups Brimstone and Sublime Systems come to mind — which it claims will carry the dreaded “green premium.” Cocoon is planning to use the new capital to build out its first commercial demonstration facility in the U.S., ultimately targeting deployment at 50 steel mills by 2035.
The fashion industry is slyly one of the world’s largest emitters, with textile production alone accounting for about 1.2 billion tons of annual carbon dioxide emissions — roughly equivalent to Germany, the U.K., and France’s annual emissions combined. But the materials company Rubi thinks it’s found a more sustainable approach to fashion, raising a $7.5 million seed round to support the production of textile fibers such as viscose and lyocell from captured carbon dioxide. The company has already piloted its process with partners such as Walmart, Reformation, and H&M, the latter of which also participated in this latest funding round.
To produce raw material for textiles, the company sources captured carbon from industrial flue gas and feeds it into its enzyme reactor, where a cascade of chemical reactions converts the CO2 into cellulose polymers. The resulting cellulose pulp is then recovered and supplied to Rubi’s partners, who spin it into fibers and yarns using existing textile manufacturing infrastructure. The startup’s approach differs from traditional fermentation and chemical methods, which rely on either microbes like yeast or fossil-derived feedstocks such as natural gas to produce polymers, systems the startup says are less efficient, more emissions intensive, and costlier than its own.
Rubi plans to use this latest funding to develop an industrial demonstration system capable of producing commercial quantities of its materials for its growing customer base, from which it’s already secured $60 million in non-binding offtake agreements. While clothing brands are Rubi’s first customers, the company plans to expand into other industries such as consumer packaged goods, aerospace, and chemicals.
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SoftBank’s error and Nvidia’s scandal suggest data centers may have already peaked as an economic and energy trend.
This is Heatmap Daily, a weekday digest written by our executive editor. Subscribe here.
Covering energy and climate change sometimes means seeing certain stories in a different light than others. And a particularly vivid hue illuminated The Wall Street Journal’s report today that the Japanese conglomerate SoftBank Group is taking a $3.7 billion loss on several gigawatts’ worth of natural gas turbines.
For the Journal, the big news is that SoftBank and its billionaire founder, Masayoshi Son, are failing to capitalize on the artificial intelligence boom. But at Heatmap, we’re thinking about the turbines.
The data center boom and the return of electricity load growth has depleted the world’s supply of natural gas turbines. SoftBank had purchased reservations for about 13 gigawatts of turbines, according to the Journal. That’s a staggering amount of electricity — it could meet New York City’s maximum power draw on the hottest part of a summer’s day. The conglomerate now seems set to dump reservations for about four gigawatts’ worth. Keeping a reservation, it turns out, really is harder than making it.
Most of those rotors were reportedly from GE Vernova, one of the world’s largest producers of gas turbines. GE Vernova’s order list for gas turbines has been filled for nearly two years and the waiting list now stretches into 2031. That has led data center developers, hungry to get power as soon as possible, to reach for ever dirtier forms of electricity generation, including diesel generators and even old jet engines.
On that front, SoftBank’s failure to sell the turbines to a higher bidder suggests (albeit weakly) that demand for energy-producing assets might not be as strong as the AI boom’s backers once thought. SoftBank was already set to send about 9 gigawatts of turbines to the enormous Trump-backed OpenAI data center in Pike County, Ohio. The roughly remaining four gigawatts will be released back their manufacturers. (One thing this news can’t quite tell us, alas, is what type of turbine set-up will be used in the Pike County facility, which will be the world’s largest gas-fired power plant if it is build to completion. Recent public filings have suggested the facility isn’t planning on using any turbines in the more efficient combined-cycle configuration, which would mean the plant’s carbon intensity will be worse than most other new natural gas plants. But we’d love to hear any tips on this front.)
To zoom out for a second, I’m struck by how the AI bubble has been replaced by an AI muddle. As I wrote this, news emerged that Nvidia is preparing to fire its CEO, Jensen Huang, for his affair with a Chinese woman who is alleged to be a spy. (He had at least one more affair with another Nvidia executive, according to The New York Times.) Under Huang’s leadership, Nvidia has invested in a sprawling and sometimes circular network of energy-related companies, including Emerald AI, a startup that helps data centers flex their electricity consumption, and Redwood Materials, a battery recycler and producer led by the former Tesla executive J.B. Straubel. Huang has used Nvidia’s enormous balance sheet to buy down the risk of other AI and AI-related companies, propelling the overall AI trade to become the biggest story in American markets.
Now that balance sheet is in peril: Nvidia’s stock is already down 11% over the past five days, and it has fallen another 8% in after-hours trading since news broke of Huang’s ouster. If the chip designer’s financial network began to fray — or even if the next CEO had a lower risk appetite than Huang — then its demise could impact a much larger set of firms.
Even before the Huang scandal broke, companies at the center of the AI trade were showing signs of weakness. Alphabet, Meta, and Microsoft are all down on the month. Nvidia was already lagging by about 10% on the month before its hebdomas horribilis began, too. The memory and chip makers Micron and Applied Materials are both down more than 25% in about the same period, and GE Vernova and Oklo have fallen nearly 20%. Although the data center company Coreweave rebounded on an earnings beat today, it’s still down 24% on the month and nearly 50% since May.
The market rout isn’t total — Anthropic seems likely to enjoy one of the largest IPOs ever in the next week (although perhaps not with quite as large a valuation as its investors once imagined). And the underlying technology of AI seems to be getting worryingly better all the time. But even though the politics of data centers and AI seem set to dominate the new Washington, I’m wondering if data centers as a mainstream economic trend might have already peaked. Americans voted for a more subdued AI boom in the midterms. Now it seems like they might get it ahead of schedule.
Lunar Energy’s latest AI-powered system aims to integrate EVs into the automated demand response mix.
In theory, it’s straightforward to assemble the smart energy home: Solar panels, home backup batteries, and electric vehicles, plus smart thermostats, heat pumps, and water heaters — all the individual pieces can be had for the homeowner who can afford the up-front cost. The challenge is getting all those pieces to talk to one another.
Bay Area-based Lunar Energy is one of the tech firms that’s been trying to crack this problem. Today, it announced an upgraded version of its artificial intelligence-powered home energy control system, which not only integrates all those separate systems but also responds tactically to energy markets. CEO Kunal Girotra told me Lunar AI saves its users money by monitoring their home 24/7 and making decisions to charge, not to charge, or discharge so that they save the most money.
“Utilities are all moving to almost-real-time changes of rates,” he said. “You need software to handle that for you. I think that the race is on for who has the best AI machine learning algorithms to save the most amount of money. And so far, we seem to have a head start.”
Lunar’s first-generation system focused on generation, storage, and control. In other words, it connected elements like a home’s rooftop solar panels with the backup battery the residents might keep in the garage, using the AI to decide when to meet the home’s real-time energy needs with solar versus grid energy versus stored power. What it didn’t have was the ability to work with electric vehicles to manage charging and use the car’s battery as a bonus source of energy.
To fix this, Lunar has built its own bidirectional EV charger — one that can charge up the battery or discharge the car’s battery for a secondary use, like backing up the home’s power supply. Girotra, formerly the head of Tesla Energy, told me the problem with that functionality to this point has been the connection point between the car and the home electrical system. Carmakers and other companies in the space didn’t have the deep experience with electrical certifications to make the process seamless, he tells me. That led to setups like the original Ford Charge Station Pro, which required several different wall-mounted electrical boxes to connect the F-150 Lightning EV to the home.
Lunar’s charger is built to connect to its customers’ existing home Lunar energy system, which includes a microgrid interconnect device they call Lunar Bridge that islands the home in case of a power outage on the grid. In that way, the power stored in the EV battery is ready to back up the home in case of a blackout without any additional work — or to be optimized as part of a fully smart home that’s making money as part of a virtual power plant.
The company’s setup allows for another fun feature: “slow” charging that’s not slow at all, but actually two or three times as fast as the Level 2 charging most EV owners use to recharge their batteries overnight. Electric cars in the U.S. can typically take on only about 11 kilowatts of AC power from one’s home because of the limitations of their on-board hardware. Because Lunar’s system is fully DC, however, Girotra said the company decided to build a DC home charger, one that — like a Tesla Supercharger or other DC fast chargers out in the world — isn’t limited by that power cap. Lunar said it could use a combination of power from the grid, home solar, or home batteries to charge an EV at up to 25 kilowatts. That’s enough to recharge an EV in three to four hours rather than six to eight.
“If the standards get high, and if everybody sees cars can get charged in three hours, then all of a sudden people are like, ‘Wow, this is how I want it,’” he said. “Especially for 25% of the users who are like me, who always are running low on charge and they don’t mind a boost every now and then.”
Some of the other improvements in the second-gen system are more incremental. An inverter that’s 40% more powerful helps Lunar get its system up to enterprise scale. That’s crucial, as the world moves toward a place where more homes and businesses employ battery backup systems. Lunar’s new batteries come in modular 5 kilowatt-hour blocks ranging from 10 kilowatt-hours to 30 kilowatt-hours in a single unit and scale up to 300 kilowatt-hours for home or small commercial use; there’s also new pad-mounted configurations with capacity up to 1 megawatt-hour.
Batteries, though, are the simple part. Everyone from EV makers like Rivian to utilities like Octopus Energy is racing to make a person’s or a business’s batteries and solar panels and electric cars work for them, using the power of AI to account for moment-to-moment changes in energy prices and supply. Lunar’s new tech makes the case that the most important element is a single brain to integrate every last smart, electrified thing in your house.
The fundraise comes on the heels of a $50 million grant from the Department of Energy.
Almost all lithium-ion batteries on the market rely on graphite for their anodes, more than 90% of which is processed in China. That concentration has created a chokepoint in the Pentagon’s supply chain as the military increasingly turns to batteries to help its transportation network operate more quietly and reduce reliance on complex refueling logistics.
So when Congress passed the latest National Defense Authorization Act at the end of 2025, barring Chinese-linked battery materials from military use starting in 2028, Coreshell saw an opening. While the California-based silicon-anode battery startup had previously focused on automakers as its beachhead customers, it’s now shipping its first battery cells to the military for use on Navy ships and Army ground vehicles. On Wednesday, Coreshell announced a $30 million Series B to scale up manufacturing operations to meet the needs of this growing customer base.
“We’re entering a new stage where we’re no longer, I would say, demand limited,” Coreshell’s CEO Jonathan Tan told me. “This year we’ve had to put on second and third shifts, work nights and weekends, just to get the product out the door.”
Coreshell sets itself apart by going a step further than the NDAA requires. The law doesn’t make suppliers trace battery materials all the way back to the mine, which would be exceedingly difficult given China’s dominance across the battery supply chain. But Coreshell has nevertheless eliminated Chinese sourcing from its anodes by replacing graphite with silicon mined and refined in the U.S. by Ferroglobe, one of its Series A investors.
Ferroglobe and global investment firm Access Industries led the latest round, with defense contractor ADS also joining as a new strategic investor. The financing comes on the heels of a $50 million Department of Energy grant that Coreshell secured in August as part of a program to strengthen the domestic battery supply chain. That funding will support the company’s first commercial-scale facility, a 2-gigawatt-hour factory.
That’s about 20 times the size of the 100-ish-megawatt-hour plant the startup had originally envisioned, as the DOE grant has allowed Coreshell to “expand much further than we were originally expecting,” according to Tan. The company is now evaluating several potential U.S. sites and expects to announce its selection early next year. For now, it relies on unnamed contract manufactures, along with its small pilot line in San Leandro, to produce its cells. But once the gigafactory gets up and running, the startup plans to bring electrode production in house by 2028, followed by full cell assembly in 2029.
Building this plant will ultimately require significant additional capital. But Tan believes this latest vote of confidence from the federal government will help Coreshell to diversify its capital stack as it continues to fundraise. “That’s one of the great things about having such a notable DOE award is that it also allows us to attract multiple forms of capital,” he told me.
Silicon has long been recognized as a promising alternative material for battery anodes, as it can store far more energy than graphite. The catch is that it tends to swell during charging, causing it to break down quickly and ultimately leading to a much shorter cycle life. Coreshell says it’s extended its anode’s lifespan by giving it a proprietary coating, which Tan told me back in April essentially means “painting the inside of your battery” with an ultra-thin protective layer.
Other companies, such as Sila Nanotechnologies and Group14 Technologies, are also working to commercialize silicon anodes. But Coreshell says many of its competitors rely on more highly engineered, expensive forms of silicon, such as silane gas. By contrast, Coreshell uses metallurgical silicon, a cheap, raw commodity already widely used in aluminum alloys. That, Tan argues, gives the company a cost advantage not only over its competitors, but potentially Chinese graphite too.
Coreshell hasn’t yet demonstrated that its cells can meet the performance demands of the automotive industry, however. When the company raised its Series A in early 2025, it said it expected its automotive cells to exceed 1,000 charge cycles while retaining 80% of their original capacity. But Tan told me many defense applications don’t require such demanding performance targets, as Navy ships and ground vehicles are “not intending to have as many miles or missions or use cases on that same battery” as a consumer EV would.
That doesn’t mean the company is abandoning its automotive ambitions. As Tan pointed out, electric vehicles remain by far the largest source of global and domestic battery demand. “It’s natural for us to obviously utilize the security supply chain first,” he told me. “That allowed us to really get to commercialization, revenue, and production faster, because automotive qualification is this longer journey. But ultimately, we want to do both of those and more.”